Cunstract, Intirnel, end Extirnel Velodoty :: dete, ivodinci, stady

Cunstract velodoty hes tu du woth istebloshong currict upiretounel miesaris fur thi cuncipts biong stadoid (Yon 2009, p. 40). Yon (2009), wrotis thet risierchirs cen ompruvi cunstract velodoty cunstract velodoty cen bi of maltopli suarcis uf dete os impluyid (troengaletoun uf dete), istebloshong cheon uf ivodinci, end rivoiwong thi ripurt woth thior onfurments (p. 41). In mekong sari thet uni cen drew e mienong end asifal onfirincis frum scuris un pertocaler onstramints uf dete cullictoun end tu dimunstreti thi eccarecy uf thior fondongs, Criswill (2013) elsu edvoci thi asi uf mimbir chickong end troengaletong dete (p. 201). Qaerm (2009) end Serqaeh (2008) buth asid sivirel dete suarcis (ontirvoiws, ducamints, midoe, end ontirnit) on thior stadois. Thi troengaletoun uf dete suarcis on thior stadois elluw fur sivirel ivodinci tu bi cullictid un thior cesis andir stady, cuncipts ur veroeblis wiri clierly end pricosily ixpleonid end upiretounelozid. Thos privintid oneccarecois end embo gaotois darong thi foild stady end elluwid fur lergi vulami uf dete tu bi cullictid end asid by buth onqaorirs. Bat buth ergaid thet dai tu tomi end fonencoel cunstreonts, thiy cuald nut rivoiw thi dete cullictid woth kiy onfurments tu currict eny mosteki, oneccarecois, clerofocetouns whoch tu sumi ixtint thrietinid thi velodoty uf thior stadois. 8.2 Intirnel Velodoty Thos rifirs tu istebloshong e ceasel riletounshop, whiriby cirteon cundotouns eri shuwn tu lied tu uthir cundotouns (Yon, 2009, p.40). Thi guel uf siikong tu isteblosh ceaseloty os muri ivodint on ixplenetury ur ceasel stadois rethir then discroptovi ur ixpluretury stadois (obod). Thos os dai tu thi lomotid cuntrul risierchirs hevi uvir ixtreniuas ur andisorebli veroeblis thet onflainci thi riletounshop bitwiin thi veroeblis. Estebloshong ceaseloty cen bi ompruvi darong thi dete enelysos stegi whiri thi risierchir niid tu du pettirn metchong, ixplenetoun baoldong, eddriss rovel thiurois end thi asi uf lugoc mudils (p.41). Buth Qaerm (2009) end Serqaeh (2008) stadois dod nut siik tu isteblosh ceaseloty bitwiin thior ondipindint end dipindint veroeblis. Buth stadois eri seod tu bi ixpluretury on netari. Fur ixempli, Qaerm (2009) stady siik tu discrobi thi meon ecturs end thi stretigois thiy impluyid tu pash thi dumistoc voulinci boll untu thi guvirnmint eginde fur ettintoun whiries Ser qaeh (2008) stady siik tu discrobi thi meon fecturs effictong thi omplimintetoun uf thi foscel dicintrelozetoun pulocy on Akaepim Suath dostroct uf Ghene. 8.3 Extirnel Velodoty Yon (2009) difonis ixtirnel velodoty es istebloshong thi dumeon tu whoch e stady’s fondongs cen bi ginirelozid biyund thi ommidoeti cesi stady (p.

Community Health Advocacy Essay

The aspects of community and aggregate are closely connected and people tend to use the terms interchangeably. The best way to explain the difference between the two concepts is by examples to differentiate and get a clearer understanding of the difference between the two concepts. This paper will define aggregate and community giving a brief support from current literature. The paper will also examine and give the differences between the two terms plus describe and identify the chosen aggregate based on the health issue of heart disease. The Christoffel’s three stages of a conceptual framework for advocacy will be described. Then each stage as an aggregate selected is described. Community and Aggregate Terms Defines In community health care nursing, aggregate is defined as the whole population, which is being used to describe a given environment. The term aggregate is used to refer or define a group of people in a society who are believed to have similar or common problems and challenges in their life. These people should share similar characteristics and also they should be living in the same area. The group which is to be described should be suffering from the same medical or health care problem and should be in search of similar medication or health care services. Aggregate in nursing setting literally is defined as the entire, whole, or the sum of a given group with similar problems, (Nies & McEwen, 2010). Differences Between Aggregate and Community There are those people who use the term community when referring to aggregate. Aggregate and community are two different concepts but are closely connected. Community in nursing health care setting is used to refer to the general population in a given area. A community is the entire  population that includes the sick and healthy population. When discussing about the aggregate, we refer to the population, which is experiencing a health condition along with those who are responsible of taking care of the group that are sick. The entire population that comprise of healthy and sick in the society is referred to as the community, (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2009). Identified Aggregate and Description as a health Issue There are those people who use the term community and the term aggregate to refer to the same thing or to mean something the same. There stand significant differences between the term community and the term aggregate. When we talk of aggregate, we are referring to a population, which has similar medical problems or challenges and live in the same region or geographical area. For the community, it’s the general population that involves the sick and those who are not sick. In this case, Adults suffering from heart disease in Illinois is an aggregate population that is used to define the current health care challenges. In the state of Illinois, specifically the Sangamon county community, evidence shows that heart disease is the number one reason for death of adults in the entire state of Illinois and in Sangamon county (Illinois Department of Public Health [IDPH], 2010). Christoffel’s Three Stages of a Conceptual Framework for Advocacy Christoffel’s three stages for advocacy include information, strategy, and action. The stages take place concurrently. The first stage, information, includes naming, describing, and measuring the public health problem. The second stage, strategy, involves using the information in the first stage to develop a plan of action for the promotion of public health. The stage includes. This stage involves the communication of information to the public and health care professionals. Groups can then be assembled to focus on the issue and plan needed changes. Strategies can include public education messages, campaigns, and press conferences. This action may involve fund raising, persuading individuals to change their lives, and legislation involvement. To achieve action, changes in mindsets, behaviors, and resource provision. Public health advocacy transpires at two levels: the individual/family level and in the larger community level (Christoffel,  2000). Advocacy that focuses on the interpersonal or intrapersonal level is frequently referred to as patient advocacy. Patient advocacy involves any â€Å"activity that benefits a patient† (Torrey, 2010). It can apply individual patient care, groups that develop policies, and legislation changes to improve the health care system for patients. There are many examples of patient advocacy organizations, which include government groups such as the Center for Disease Control, American Heart Association, and individual patient advocates who act as healthcare assistants (Torrey, 2010). Applying Each Stage as an advocate for the Aggregate The first stage in the Christoffel’s advocacy framework talks about the information factor. The information names, describes, and measures the public health problem. When discussing the issue of heart disease. This stage can be used to describe the disease process, the risk factors involved, and it’s complications. During this stage, the private sector or the government sector get involved so as to develop the research needed that can be used to measure the public health problem. Evidence shows that this stage is relevant simply because it assists develop all statistical information and results that are suitable in order to address the advocacy challenge. The first stage in Christoffel’s advocacy framework is to develop a research on heart disease within the society. This stage will help develop relevant information on the mortality rate related to heart disease and/or its complications (Christoffel, 2000). The second stage in Christoffel’s advocacy framework is the stage of strategy. Having collected relevant information about the problem of health care issue, the second stage helps work on the information so as to understand the problem completely. In this stage, the central idea is to get results that will help come up with some strategies on how to approach the health problem. Experts in respective fields translate the research findings so that proper results are developed to develop a plan of action (Christoffel, 2011). The third stage in Christoffel’s advocacy framework is the stage of action. Strategies, which are developed in the second stage on how to handle the  health issue are implemented and monitored in the final stage of Christoffel’s advocacy framework (Christoffel, 2011). It is alleged that when strategies in stage two are implemented and monitored they provide the best results in respect to the health care environment, (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2009). Public health messages on the news and posters can help educate the community about heart disease. There are also local physicians who provide free learning seminars on specific diseases. Raising funds to help with campaign measures can also be implemented during this stage. Legislation can be educated on the health issue to convince policy makers to get involved. The main part of this stage is action. The goal is to influence people to change specific habits that will reduce the risk of developing heart disease. Conclusion The aspects of community and aggregate are closely connected, and in most cases a lot of people tend to use them interchangeably. These two terms are used interchangeably, but they have different meanings. There are those people who use the term community and the term aggregate to refer to the same thing or to mean something the same. There stand significant differences between the term community and the term aggregate. Aggregate is the populations that has similar health problems and are seeking similar health care services, but the community is the entire population that carries the sick and the healthy. The use of Christoffel’s advocacy framework helps solve a problem in accordance. References: Christoffel, K. (2011). Public health Advocacy: Process and Product. American Journal of Public Health Illinois Department of Public Health. (2010). Leading causes of death, Illinois, 2010. Retrieved from http://www.idph.state.il.us/health/bdmd/leadingdeaths10.htm Nies, M. (Mary Albrecht), & McEwen, M. (2010). Community/public health nursing: promoting the health of populations. Elsevier/Saunders Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2009). Foundations of nursing in the community: community-oriented practice. Mosby/Elsevier

In Dickenss Novel - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 453 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Great Expectations Essay Did you like this example? One of the most important and common tools that authors use to demonstrate the themes of their stories is a character that undergoes several major changes throughout the story. In Great Expectations, Charles Dickens introduces the reader to many compelling and distinguished characters, including the peculiar recluse, Miss Havisham, the shrewd and careful lawyer, Mr. Jaggers, and the altruistic convict, Abel Magwitch. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "In Dickenss Novel" essay for you Create order However, Great Expectations is the story of Pip and his initial dreams. The significant changes that Pips character goes through are very important to the novels many themes. Dickens uses Pips deterioration from an innocent boy into an arrogant gentleman and his redemption as a good-natured person to illustrate the idea that unrealistic hopes and expectations can lead to undesirable traits. In Dickenss novel, Jaggers has his office in a dismal area near Newgate Prison in London. For, much like a prison cell, the room is dark, lit only by a patched skylight. The walls are greasy from the many prisoner/clients who have stood against it as they are faced by Mr. Jaggers. When they are sent out abruptly, they must sidle along the wall to reach the doorway, as the office is so narrow. Mr. Jaggers holds the same relations to many people, but having worked so long with the low, criminal element of London, Jaggers himself is much like an emotionally disconnected jailer who has the ability to abruptly dispose of people. His office definitely reflects his personality, in that there’s no warmth, or attachment to humanity or the outside world. (write more about what his office is like) Lawyers are often thought to be aggressive and rude. In Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, Mr. Jaggers is no different. From the first time we meet him, Jaggers comes across as self-important, wealthy and too busy for sensitivity. Jaggers arrange for a carriage to take Pip from his hometown to London. Pip is supposed to meet Jaggers at his law office. When he arrives at Jaggers office there are many people waiting outside to speak with Jaggers about their cases or about the cases of their relatives. Mr. Jaggers is of hand to all of them. At one point, a man starts a sentence by telling Mr. Jaggers We thought Jaggers immediately responded by saying You thought! I think for you; thats enough for you. He is similarly rude to two women in the crowd, and completely ignores a man who is hopping up and down in desperation to get Jaggers attention. This scene gives us a good idea of Jaggers self-importance. The desperation of the people around him and the way that they almost worship him reveals why Mr. Jaggers thinks so highly of himself.

The History, Climate, Biodiversity of the Galapagos Islands

The Galapagos Islands are an archipelago located about 621 miles (1,000 km) from the continent of South America in the Pacific Ocean. The archipelago is composed of 19 volcanic islands that are claimed by Ecuador. The Galapagos Islands are famous for their variety of endemic (native only to the islands) wildlife that was studied by Charles Darwin during his voyage on the HMS Beagle. His visit to the islands inspired his theory of natural selection and drove his writing of On the Origin of Species which was published in 1859. Because of the variety of endemic species, the Galapagos Islands are protected by national parks and a biological marine reserve. Also, they are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. History The Galapagos Islands were first discovered by Europeans when the Spanish arrived there in 1535. Throughout the rest of the 1500s and into the early 19th century, many different European groups landed on the islands, but there were no permanent settlements until 1807. In 1832, the islands were annexed by Ecuador and named the Archipelago of Ecuador. Shortly after that in September 1835 Robert FitzRoy and his ship the HMS Beagle arrived on the islands, and naturalist Charles Darwin began to study the areas biology and geology. During his time on the Galapagos, Darwin learned that the islands were home to new species that only seemed to live on the islands. For example, he studied mockingbirds, now known as Darwins finches, which appeared to be different from each other on different islands. He noticed the same pattern with the tortoises of the Galapagos and these findings later led to his theory of natural selection. In 1904 an expedition from the Academy of Sciences of California began on the islands and Rollo Beck, the expeditions leader, started collecting various materials on things like geology and zoology. In 1932 another expedition was conducted by the Academy of Sciences to collect different species. In 1959, the Galapagos Islands became a national park, and tourism grew throughout the 1960s. Throughout the 1990s and into the 2000s, there was a period of conflict between the islands native population and the park service. However, today the islands are still protected, and tourism still occurs. Geography and Climate The Galapagos Islands are located in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean, and the closest landmass to them is Ecuador. They are also on the equator with a latitude of about 1Ëš40N to 1Ëš36S. There is a total distance of 137 miles (220 km) between the northernmost and southernmost islands, and the total land area of the archipelago is 3,040 square miles (7,880 sq km). In total, the archipelago is made up of 19 main islands and 120 small islands according to UNESCO. The largest islands include Isabela, Santa Cruz, Fernandina, Santiago, and San Cristobal. The archipelago is volcanic, and as such, the islands were formed millions of years ago as a hot spot in the Earths crust. Because of this type of formation, the larger islands are the summit of ancient, underwater volcanoes and the tallest of them are over 3,000 m from the seafloor. According to UNESCO, the western part of the Galapagos Islands is the most seismically active, while the rest of the region has eroded volcanoes. The older islands also have collapsed craters that were once the summit of these volcanoes. Also, much the Galapagos Islands are dotted with crater lakes and lava tubes, and the overall topography of the islands varies. The climate of the Galapagos Islands also varies based on the island and although it is located in a tropical region on the equator, a cold ocean current, the Humboldt Current, brings cold water near the islands which causes a cooler, wetter climate. In general, from June to November is the coldest and windiest time of the year and it is not uncommon for the islands to be covered in fog. By contrast from December to May, the islands experience little wind and sunny skies, but there are also strong rain storms during this time. Biodiversity and Conservation The most famous aspect of the Galapagos Islands is its unique biodiversity. There are many different endemic birds, reptiles and invertebrate species and the majority of these species are endangered. Some of these species include the Galapagos giant tortoise which has 11 different subspecies throughout the islands, a variety of iguanas (both land-based and marine), 57 types of bird, 26 of which are endemic to the islands. Also, some of these endemic birds are flightless such as the Galapagos flightless cormorant.There are only six native species of mammal on the Galapagos Islands, and these include the Galapagos fur seal, the Galapagos sea lion as well as rats and bats. The waters surrounding the islands are also highly biodiverse with different species of shark and rays. Also, the endangered green sea turtle, hawksbill sea turtle commonly nest on the beaches of the islands.Because of the endangered and endemic species on the Galapagos Islands, the islands themselves and the waters s urrounding them are the subjects of many different conservation efforts. The islands are home to many national parks, and in 1978 they became a World Heritage Site. Sources: UNESCO. (n.d.). Galapagos Islands - UNESCO World Heritage Center. Retrieved from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1Wikipedia.org. (24 January 2011). Galapagos Islands - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands

Understanding The Complexity Of Measuring Intelligence And...

The topic that will be discussed in this paper is Culture and Intelligence which were developed by Howard Gardner. In order to test or begin to understand the complexity of measuring intelligence and define it we have to research information on Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theories. In the theories of Intelligence Gardner argued that to measure intelligence or get a clear understanding, it can be measured in seven areas. The areas are linguistic, logical mathematics, bodily kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. (Bruadli, A.C. T., 2016) In today’s society these seven intelligence theories are used to define intelligence levels in the classroom, on jobs, and other areas of individual’s lives. When researching these levels of intelligence it is based off how an individual’s ability to solve problems may be effected by their culture, environment, or biologically. (Bruadli, A.C., T.1996) In this paper I researched three areas of the multiple intelligence theories. The first one I focused on was logical mathematical, second Musical, and third Bodily Kinesthetic. Also in the paper I will discuss the culture differences of intelligence between the United States culture and the Japanese culture, in how the two cultures define what intelligence means to their culture. (Furnham, A., Hosce, T., Li-Ping Tang, T., 2001) Logical Mathematic The first Multiple Intelligence discussed is Logical Mathematics. This area of intelligence is defined as have the ability to be able toShow MoreRelatedMeasuring Intelligence Through Objective, Culturally Unbiased Testing1236 Words   |  5 PagesMaria Orrego PSYC 2001: Cross-Cultural Psychology 13 March 2016 Measuring Intelligence Through Objective, Culturally Unbiased Testing â€Å"It takes something more than intelligence to act intelligently.† ― Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Crime and Punishment One might dare to define intelligence as the ability to obtain and apply knowledge and skills, or as the capacity to learn, comprehend, or deal with new or difficult situation in order to adapt to or modify our environment or to process abstract thoughts. HoweverRead MoreIntelligence, Cognitive, And Cognitive Psychology1543 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledge and understanding through: â€Å"experience, and the sensory input,† resulting in a sense of perception and notion (http://spl.stanford.edu/pdfs/2001%20Emotions%20-%20Emotional%20intelligence.pdf). 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Gray explainedRead MoreThe Difficulties in Defining and Measuring Intelligence2390 Words   |  10 PagesDIFFICULTIES IN DEFINING AND MEASURING INTELLIGENCE Intelligence can be described in many ways with many tests focusing on an individual’s cognitive abilities and failing to account for the social and practical aspects of intelligence. Tests to measure intelligence vary immensely and test different types of intelligence; such as Emotional Intelligence, which has proved popular in more recent years. Although researchers are unable to agree upon a general definition of intelligence they do agree that thereRead More A Comparison of Primate and Dolphin Intelligence Essay2329 Words   |  10 PagesA Comparison of Primate and Dolphin Intelligence as a Metaphor for the Validity of Comparative Studies of Intelligence Primates and cetacean have been considered by some to be extremely intelligent creatures, second only to humans. Their exalted status in the animal kingdom has lead to their involvement in many experiments which hope to gain a better understanding of the basis of human intelligence. These experiments coupled with analysis of primate and cetaceans brain structure has lead to

Opinion Paper Gender Reassignment Free Essays

Human Sexuality/Gender Re-Assignment This is an Opinion Paper Transgender is an umbrella term for persons whose gender identity, gender expression, or behavior does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth. Gender identity refers to a person’s internal sense of being male, female, or something else; gender expression refers to the way a person communicates gender identity to others through behavior, clothing, hairstyles, voice, or body characteristics. â€Å"Trans† is sometimes used as shorthand for â€Å"transgender. We will write a custom essay sample on Opinion Paper: Gender Reassignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now While transgender is generally a good term to use, not everyone whose appearance or behavior is gender-nonconforming will identify as a transgender person. The ways that transgender people are talked about in popular culture, academia, and science are constantly changing, particularly as individuals’ awareness, knowledge, and openness about transgender people and their experiences grow. After you do your research and readings, in a one page opinion paper, state your position on Gender Re-Assignment. Chaz Bono brought this important and once hidden topic to the forefront. Write about your position. Be sure you add a reference page in APA format and use in-text citations when using the authors words. Writing an opinion paper for college can be a daunting task for college students. Opinion papers by nature require you to state an opinion or take a position on a specific issue and defend that position. An opinion paper is not, however, license to rant and rave about an issue without providing any evidence. This paper will involve research, organization, and planning to be effective. ? 1. Research your topic. Stating an opinion in a paper involves more than reporting what you think. You’ll often hear these assignments referred to as position papers, as you must take a reasonable position based on evidence that is grounded in fact. Determine your opinion based on your research, and know your topic thoroughly on both sides of the argument before you state it and attempt to provide any type of reasoned defense. ? 2. ?Create an outline for your paper consisting of the three main parts that you’ll follow when crafting your document: an introduction, body, and conclusion. In your introduction, state your opinion on the topic at hand. This will set the stage for the rest of the paper. You can even hint at the reasons for your opinion, but don’t give them away entirely. You’ll want the reader to glean that information from the rest of your paper. The body of the outline should list the reasons for your position. The conclusion should clearly and concisely sum up your argument. ? 3. ?Construct your essay using your outline. State your opinion in your introductory paragraph and then use your list of reasons for stating your opinion in the body of your essay. The body should include three to five substantive reasons why you have taken your position. Provide the most compelling reasons last and the least compelling reasons first. This will give your paper a crescendo effect and drive home the point of your essay. ? 4. ?Write a definitive conclusion. Your conclusion is your opportunity to restate what you’ve already state in your introduction and in the body of the paper. Your conclusion should reiterate the main conclusion of your essay based on the facts that you’ve provided. Go over each point briefly, but be careful not to simply chronicle them without tying them together. The grading criteria will be the same as in other modules. How to cite Opinion Paper: Gender Reassignment, Essay examples

Operations Management in Johnsons & Johnsons †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Operations Management in Johnsons Johnsons. Answer: Introduction: Operation Management is a crucial part of management that is related with the controlling and designing the production process. It is concerned with organizing, planning and supervising the manufacturing, production and services provision. It makes the organization more efficient by effectively turning inputs into output. Johnsons Johnsons is a multinational company that deals with medical devices, consumer and pharmaceutical packaged goods (jnj.com. 2018). In the recent times, management combines and transforms different resources applied in the operations subsystem of the firm. This resource is converted into valued added services in an effective and controlled way as per the organizational policies (Hitt, Carnes and Xu 2016). In the recent times, Johnsons Johnsons has formulated all the strategies that lead to overcome the magnitude of changes in its technological and managerial procedures. Operations Management in Johnsons Johnsons: Quality management: Johnson Johnson is the most diversified and largest healthcare organization in the world. According to Heizer and Render (2014) Johnson Johnson takes major step to ensure sustained and consistent high-quality, effective and safe products. The organization took action after evaluating and settings targets to ensure standardization. As per the companys citizenship and sustainability report, it ascertained various material issues. This includes affordability and access to health care, ethical performance, global performance, global health and compliance. As mentioned by Slack, Chambers and Johnston (2010) ensuring safety and product quality is the major issue of Johnson Johnson. The company best serves their customers with its quality product to maintain its autonomy. The company has formed Johnson Johnson Quality Compliance (JJ QC) so that consistent implementation and standardization of its across its standards and policy across the organization. As per Greasley (2009) Johnson Johnson continuous and quality approach includes management review process. This requires the firm to continuously improve the quality system by ensuring adequacy, suitability and effectiveness. On the other hand as per Johnston, Clark and Shulver (2012) Johnson Johnson has achieved major proactive and integrated approach for continuous and quality improvement. The organization continues look at safety and quality throughout all product life cycles phases. Safety and health impacts are assessed for all of organizational important product categories in every business segment throughout the world. Johnson and Johnson recently are exploring innovative techniques to foster its proactive quality culture in a continuous manner. As mentioned by Chase, Jacobs and Aquilano (2006) the firms pharmaceutical segment is monitored continuously before the use of in-market products. Effective decisions on quality matters are taken by the Quality organization. Inventory management: Johnsons and Johnson aggregated amount of materials that are unprocessed should be used in production or manufacturing process raw material and its supplies has increased from 2015 to 2017 (jnj.com. 2018). Besides satisfying the market demand obtaining adequate performance, the effectiveness of organization is known through its enhanced features. The organization has online system for requests and orders that involves the authorized dealers. As per Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons (2008) the companys inventory management is massive complex. It is important that that the inventory management system is optimized so that the needs of the patients is met in a more transformational way. Effective inventory policies and high level of medical supplies services are essential objectives of health care industries (Slack et al. 2009). The main focus of the operations management of the firm is made by maintaining optimal inventory holding and ordering. Johnson Johnson addresses this decision is implemented through finished goods inventory by applying just-in-time inventory management. The medicines and related products are immediately shipped to fulfill the needs and orders of the customers. Johnson Johnson holds other products as a crucial finished goods inventory. To ensure optimal ordering of inventory and holding, the companys employees are also trained to increase the speed and transparency related to order fulfillment (Johnston Clark and Shulver 2012). The application of mobile computers by linking it to the databases and central computer has made the process more adequate. Moreover, operations management optimizes the inventory size so that cost is minimized. Job Design and Human Resources: According to Smith, Maull and CL Ng (2014) in this strategic decision area the main focus of Johnson Johnson, the main focus is human resource development. Training and development program is given by the organization to satisfy the concerns of the organization. As per the website report, the organization has also research teams and support centers for the purpose. The capability and adequacy are the major concern of organization in the fields of operations management. The organization uses adequate training programs so that the employees feel more empowered. Johnson Johnson should use proper workflow so that it could integrate creative and innovative ideas. Moreover, while making the decisions for inventory and operational management the company should engage in automation system. This helps in monitoring and controlling its overall inventory. This would further help in evaluating, monitoring and checking the productivity level of Johnson and Johnson. The pharmaceutical company should also use first in first out method so that earlier products are sold first before any new goods are introduced in the market (Choi, Cheng and Zhao (2016). staff motivation is important in the long-run as it would help Johnson Johnson to achieve maximum satisfaction of the employees and also creates performance appraisal. Operational strategy for Johnson Johnson: Johnson Johnson main objective is related to maximizing profit and market growth as a long-term strategy. Johnson Johnson has adopted strategy for global standardization and has lowered its cost by customization of products. Operational strategies consist of customer driven approaches that fulfill the desire and requirements of its potential target market. The quality of the product has been increased through proper innovation and added values (Chan et al. 2017). Johnsons and Johnsons have continuously enhanced its core competencies and on an ongoing basis has developed new strengths. The internal environment is evaluated to ascertain the strategy plan that internally affects the organization. Strengths: Johnson and Johnson being leading health-care brands have been ranked the best among its competitors in the industry. Abundant financial resources are used by the organization and further exploited by Research and Development department so that committed staffs are employed. They further create and innovates hygiene products due to usage of latest technology and companys brand image. Moreover, the focus is on the product leadership that offers its consumers the best product in the overall industry (Knoppen et al. 2015). The employees of Johnson Johnson are well motivated and have provided its employees various incentives. This ranges from personal to personal benefits including bonus for annual incentive, long-term incentives and severance benefits. The organization has expanded all around the world at an international level. The better world-wide distribution skills because of its global standardization strategy have allowed the firm to generate efficient market strategies by cost reduction (Hitt, Carnes and Xu 2016). This approach generally arrives through fast product development and economies of scale that is based on stable relationship with the distribution agents. Weaknesses: The major business strategy of Johnsons and Johnsons is to control cost. This leads rise to major drawback as it results in low customization. The organization is highly dependent on the success of its launch product that is vulnerable due to uncertainty. Conflict with its partner and portfolio companies also creates havoc in the operation management of the company. The ingredients used in the products are unsafe as per the government reports (jnj.com. 2018). The brand image of the company is adversely affected due to negative words of mouth. Therefore, it creates a negative impact on productivity of the organization. Moreover, the manager also lacks the flexibility required to overcome the existing challenge for changes required in the local market. Recommendation: Certain improvements are required in the Johnson Johnson Company. The firm should adopt more centralized approach for management so that the employees are more motivated. The firms need to be more involved in certain initiatives by developing incentives and rewards for achieving the goals of the organization. Though Johnson Johnson has a great collaborative relationship but outsourcing would help the firm in lowering the cost of production. The organization hires it employees completely based on their experience and ability but relocation of staff can also helps the firm to strengthen the companys management structure. The operation management decision of the firm should adopt additional core strategies to evaluate and adopt itself according to the changing environment. Conclusion: Johnson Johnson operation management area has been analyzed and its operational strategy has been reviewed. The firms operational management areas, where decision for quality management, inventory management and job design and human resources. It can be concluded that the organizations operation management decision is adequate but need to be more optimized and updated to yields maximum profit in the long-run. 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